A Comparison of Hamlet’s Gertrude and Ophelia Essay -- William Shakes

A Comparison of Hamlets Gertrude and Ophelia Queen Gertrude and Ophelia, the main female characters in Shakespeares dramatic tragedy Hamlet, have a variety of personal qualities and experiences in common. This essay, with the help of literary critics, will explore this commonality. In the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, David Bevington enlightens the reader regarding the similarities between Gertrude and Ophelia as the torpedo sees them Yet to Hamlet, Ophelia is no better than another Gertrude both are tender of heart but submissive to the will of importunate men, and so are forced into uncharacteristic vices. Both would be other than what they are, and both receive Hamlets exhortations to begin repentance by abstaining from pleasure. Get thee to a nunnery Assume a virtue if you have it not. (9) As Bevington says, both Gertrude and Ophelia are tender of heart, motivated by love and a desire for quiet familial harmony among the members of their state ly society in Elsinore. At the first social function in the play, Gertrude is motivated out of love for her son to advise Dear Hamlet, cast thy dark color off, And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Do not for ever with thy vailed lids Seek for thy noble don in the dust. (1.2) Likewise does she ask that the prince remain with the family Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet, / I pray thee stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Later, when the heros suppose madness is the big concern, Gertrude lovingly sides with her husband in the analysis of her sons condition I doubt it is no other but the main, / His fathers death and our oerhasty marriage. Later she confides her family... ...NJ Hayden Book Co., Inc., 1973. Jorgensen, Paul A. Hamlet. William Shakespeare the Tragedies. Boston Twayne Publ., 1985. N. pag. http//www.freehomepages.com/ small town/other/jorg-hamlet.html Kermode, Frank. Hamlet. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Pennington, Michael. Ophelia Madness Her Only Safe Haven. Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from Hamlet A Users Guide. New York Limelight Editions, 1996. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Tragedies. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. from Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html

Science and the Community :: Business Management Studies

Science and the CommunityHow GSK affects the community in which it is situated.Gsk may affect the local community which it is situated in galore(postnominal)different ways as most of their employees are not from local communityso the play along hardly have an impact on the community.How some(prenominal) people do GSK employed and the skills they used ?Gsk employed about 110,000 employees worldwide with quarter of theamount doing question and development. In Stevenage there is about2400 provide of which 70% are laboratory scientist. There are manydifferent skills used by their employees as they used science in everyaspect of research and development. They uses science technicians fordiscovering new drugs which is a high tech process therefore they userobotics extensively as they are more efficient and effective than use human technicians.Most of there scientist interface there experiment with IT systems forrunning them, monitoring them and collecting and analysing results.Basic e conomic costGsk need money for underlying economic cost as they currently spend over 6million per day doing research worldwide. They alike used up a separate ofmoney developing medicine as at least 50 million and it takes up10-12 years. However they do benefit from this as they get in profitfor the shareholders and put some money back into research.The company also have to spend money on environment health and safety.They have great(p) enthronisation projects include projects related todesigning, sitting and installing systems related to wastewatertreatment. In 2003, there was a sharp decrease in capital enthronizationto conclusion of a major wastewater treatment plant expansion andupgrade project at one of their large primary manufacturing sites.Their Capital investment of their Environment Health and Safetyprojects was totalled 10.5 million in 2003 a decrease of 43% from18.3 million in 2002. One of their primary manufacturing sitescompleted a large wastewater treatment upgr ade in 2002. Thisrationalisation effort and general cost control measures contributedto the decrease in capital investment.Transport costGsk leave coaches for Stevenage station for their workers who have tocommute which have cost them a lot of the years because most of theirworks does not live locally and most of their staff travel by trainbecause of the congestion that could be on the A1 at times so these bpeople will benefit from the free coach.Gsk also have to pay their employee and so they give out as they takein.The benefit of the science usedGsk is a world leading research-based pharmaceutical company with apowerful combination of skills and resources that provides a platformfor delivering strong growth in todays rapidly changing healthcare

Dian Fossey Essay -- essays research papers

Dian FosseyDian Fossey to me was a very mysterious, somewhat helpful and kind of troublemaking person. She seemed very adventurous and fun but she was also very serious. When it came to her job she was evermore serious. Dian Fossey studied gorillas. To me it is amazing how seriously she took that job. She did everything she could to protect those gorillas. I think the gorillas brought her happiness but also sadness, and other emotional problems. Dian Fossey lived up on a stack by her self for a number of years. That begins to have an effect on you as well. It was very lonely up there on the mountain. She got a sobriquet rom her lifestyle, she was called "Nyirmachabelli", which means the woman who lives alone on the mountain. Poor Dian Fossey became an alcoholic up on that mountain. She also smoked three packs of cigarettes a day I think those may have been the reasons of her constant mood swings and her unrational thinking. The unrational thinking also could be linked to her murder. You will hear some examples later on in this paper.Dian did not start out working with gorillas in the mountains of Rwanda. She first had an office job at the Kosair Crippled Childrens Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky. Im not really quite a sure how Dian Fossey became interested in gorillas, but she did and thats all that really matters. The first time Dian ever saw a real mountain gorilla, was in a place called Kabara Meadow, with Joan and Alan Root. After that one special day, they were her friends from then on. Those two people i feel were important in her start with gorillas. Another person touch on in her start with gorillas was a man by the name of Louis Leaky, the most eminent prehistorian of his genration. He was the man that gave Dian her start in Africa, after she convinced him of her determination. Louis Leakey believed that women were lift out suited emotionally and constitutionally for studying the great apes. It seems Dian was fit for the job, but not fo r some aspects of it. I think Dian became a little too given to her gorillas. They became her family. The only ones she loved and cared for. She cared more about gorillas then she did Dian Fossey.Dian Fossey first arrived in Africa filled with drive and energy. She was completly unprepared for the demands of the job, but she did not give up, she kept on going strong. She first started studyin... ...fact he was grown up and now has to take his role in the family. He had to watch and protect his family from danger. One day, it happened. Digit was give dead with his body severly mangled. Dian was very angered and saddened by this and she felt she had to do more. She sent letters out to other places letting them know what was going on and when the funding stopped, she turned to her fame with gorillas to recieve money. And when she did, she started the Digit fund. A lot of money was put towards protecting the gorillas.This made the Rwandan government look bad by not modify to the saf ety of their tourist attractions. After she found the poacher that killed Digit, thats when Rwanda definately wanted her out. She threatened to hang him and put his head in a noose, but she didnt. Then she brought it to the goverments tending that she wanted a death penalty for poaching. They now just saw her as crazy and wanted her to leave because they felt she is doing more damage than good. exactly on December 27, 1981, Dian Fossey was found murdered in her shack. No one knew why or who. But on her gravestone is engraved, "Nyirmachabelli", the women who lives alone on the mountain.

Civil Liberties Essay -- Government Politics USA Essays

Civil LibertiesAfter September 11, 2001, in the United States of America, many aspects of our free-and-easy lives pull in changed. One notable change has been the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Many bills ar being drafted to ensure the safety of the United States. We, as Americans, are going to have to sacrifice many of our civil liberties due to this tragic event. There are many high-priced reasons why these bills are being drafted, only if there are also negative effects such as the loss of civil rights. One particular bill being drafted is the USA nationalist Act. The USA PATRIOT Act puts the CIA guts in the business of spying on Americans. It permits a vast array of information gathering on U.S. citizens from pecuniary transactions, school records, Internet activity, telephone conversations, information gleaned from grand jury proceedings and criminal investigations to be shared with the CIA (and other non-law enforcement officials) even if it pertains to Americans. Most importantly, the information would be shared without a court order.While there is a need to shut down the monetary resources used to further acts of terrorism, this legislation goes beyond its stated goal of combating international terrorism and instead reaches into innocent customers personal financial transactions. If the USA PATRIOT Act becomes a law, financial institutions would monitor daily financial transactions even more closely and be required to share information with other federal agencies, including foreign intelligence agencies such as the CIA. segmentation 358 requires that, in addition to law enforcement, intelligence agencies would also receive suspicious activity reports. These reports are usually about wholly domestic transactions of heap in the United States, and do not relate to foreign intelligence information. In addition, Section 358 would allow law enforcement and intelligence agencies to get easy admission charge to individual credit re ports in secret. There would be no judicial review and no notice to the person to whom the records relate. Through these provisions, the CIA would be put back in the business of spying on Americans, and law enforcement and intelligence agencies would have a range of personal financial information without ever showing good cause as to why such information is relevant to a particular investigation. Since September 11, Federal, state, and... ... at odds. Law enforcement authorities already have ample leeway under current law to investigate suspects in terrorist attacks including broad authority to monitor telephone and Internet communications. In fact, under current law, decide have rejected only three federal or state criminal wiretap requests in the last decade. This is a country that understands that people have fundamental God-given rights and liberties and our government is constituted to protect those rights. We cannot in our efforts to bring justice diminish those libertie s, said Sen. George Allen, R-Va., in a statement responding to the terrorist attacks. Clearly this is not a simple, normal criminal case. This is an act of war, and those rules of warfare may apply. But here at home and domestically, we need to make sure that were not tempted to reverse any civil rights such as habeas corpus, protections against unreasonable searches and seizures, the freedom of expression and peaceable assembly, or freedom of religion.Sources Cited1. www.aclu.org, The American Civil Liberties Union, 20012. www.corpwatch.org, CorpWatch, 2001 3. www.msnbc.com, MSNBC Terms and Conditions, 2001

Mercedes :: essays research papers

The 1996 Mercedes E320 sustained crash damage to the rider side front. After we set up and measured the vehicle on the caro-liner frame rack, we found on that mind to be extensive panel, sub frame, and suspension damage. Including consequential interior damage, IE Driver/passenger airbags deployed, dash panel company, and passenger airbags deployed, dash panel assembly, and passenger side mirror. After a complete damage assessment report, we then began disassembly of all damaged panels and assemblies. After the disassembly we decided which parts would be salvaged move out of our 1997 Mercedes E320, which parts would be purchased new or those which would need to be straightened and refinished.Once the damaged panels were take away we were able to attach the 10-ton hydraulic ram assembly to the frame rack and began the frame straightening repairs. Our initial pulls were to fix the sway problem of the passenger side front sub frame. This was accomplished by wrapping a chain around the misaligned sub frame, pulling in a straight, level manner opposite the direction of the misalignment. We did several pulls in this manner, stress relieving, before and during, with a ball peen hammer before repositioning for the next pull until brought back into specification. We then positioned our 10-ton ram to the passenger front for repair of the frame rail twinge and sag situation sustained on impact. We wrapped the chain around crash impact bar and used it as the hook up point for our pulls. Pulling and stress receiving until it also was within specifications. Our final pull was to the suspension passenger side A-arm. We simply attached our chains to the A-arm and pulled it back into position. At this point, we could at one time begin sectioning and panel removal. This was first done by deciding which panels were to be removed and which were to be repaired. Then all of the spot welds that needed to be removed were marked with a paint marker, so as to only to remove the necessary welds. Some spot welds were located underneath seam sealer and or insulation. We then removed the material with a hand torch to burn the seam sealer, then a steel bristled brush to scratch off the burnt material. We then center drilled all of the marked spot welds with an 1/8 drill bit, followed up by a 5/16 spot weld removal bit to drill out the spot welds along all of the panels to be removed.

Do Inhaled Corticosteroids have a Long- Term Effect on Growth and Bone Density in Children ? :: essays research papers

Research Synthesis PaperAccording to American Academy of Pediatrics, It is estimated that approximately 15 million people in the United States plunk for from Asthma. Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children ( Schlienger 2004). Although inhaled sex hormones discombobulate been established as the preventive treatment of choice, few studies have been conducted to assess the risks of inhaled steroid therapy. Inhaled corticosteroids are absorbed into the systemic circulation, but the extent to which they have adverse effects on bone density and growth is uncertain. The question is important since gibe to AAOP, 10% of the American population take an inhaled corticosteroid regularly and may do so for many years (2005). In the present paper the usance that inhaled corticosteriod steroids have on growth and bone density of children is investigated. Current guidelines recommend the role of inhaled corticosteroids for children and adolescents with mild persistent or more sev ere forms of asthma claiming they are safer then oral steroids. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, Inhalation targets corticosteroids directly to the site of airway inflammation with fewer adverse effects compared with oral administration. However, a considerable portion of an inhaled steroid dose is deposited in the oropharynx and subsequently swallowed and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Some fraction will be bioavailable to the systemic circulation, thereby potentially increasing the risk of adverse systemic corticosteroid effects (Napoli, 2001). In the Healthy People 2010 report, the goal concerning respiratory diseases is to promote respiratory health with better prevention, detection, treatment, and education. Effective health management strategies for meeting this goal include controlling factors that trigger asthma, such as upper-respiratory infections, allergens, food or drug allergies, emotional upset, irritants, and exercise use pharmacologic int ervention tailored to the severity of the disease provide objective monitoring of lung function and educate patients with asthma to pass away active participants in their own care (HP, 2000). This relates to this topic because education is very important in caring for a patient with asthma. The patient should be taught how to use the corticosteriods and possible side effects that can occur. It is also important to teach patients how to reduce the incidence of asthma so the use of corticosteriods might not be needed.Through my research I learned that studies investigating the association between inhaled corticosteroid use and bone-mineral density in adults have given inconsistent results. These studies have been small, the duration of treatment has been short, and most have been confounded by patients previous use of oral corticosteroids.

Day In Your Life When You Felt Really Happy Essay

Death is not the greatest expiry in life. The greatest loss is what dies inside us while we live. Norman Cousins What is happiness? What a exclusively dense and loaded question this is. If I were to write a paper roughly happiness, I would then need to operationally define happiness in terms that allowed eitherone to understand what I was referring to. The problem with this, however, is that we then merely repeat the better(p) definition we come by, rallying we understand the meaning while never truly questioning our own thoughts on the matter therefore never truly experiencing it. I believe this happens in the majority of circumstances, and know that I did this for many years. It is much simpler to just go along with life rather than ask yourself those uncoiled and deep questions that go out rattle your world. I believe happiness is the complete mindful attention and bliss found in the stick moment the present moment is beautiful and fundamentally perfect.Therefore, one mu st choose to be happy right now in the present, because this is all that exists. Many years ago, I read a quote by the Dalai Lama, which I think is very applicable to this. He reported that when something is wrong, you can either fix it, and therefore it will work out and there is no need to worry, or there is nothing you can do, and therefore worrying about it is moot. When one truly and with every fiber of their being accepts death and the mystery of the future, there is nothing left but to appreciate the present moment. I believe this is where happiness stems from because it really puts things into perspective.I have been experimenting with this, and as a person who frequently worries, thinks too much, and feels often overwhelmed by life, I have found immense peace and tranquility from this acceptance. For me, it completely shifted my perspective on everything. I have been able to stay calm and resilient in situations that would normally bring on a panic flak catcher or devastat e me. This, of course, doesnt mean that my life is now all roses and butterflies, but that this new perspective aids me in gauging situations and reacting to them as I think I should rationally, not instinctively. Ultimately, there is no way to know how your life will play out in ten minutes, and hour, or a week. rejoicing is the value of every moment and the full attention paid to it.

BMW Research.How does the consumer impact a marketing plan created by the brand? Essay

BMW ResearchIntroductionHow does the consumer impact a marketplaceing plan created by the brand?Consumer behavior influences the type of marketing plan that is choose by an organization to promote their brand. An organization can segment its consumer market through defining groups of consumers with characteristics which are similar, but every segment will wee-wee varying types of consumers. When an organization recognizes which type of consumer is most likely to purchase their brand, then the organizations marketing plan can be changed accordingly in order to increase its effectiveness (Retrieved August 14, 2014, from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Comp-De/Consumer-Behavior.html). BMW carries out various studies to discover their consumers need and consumer behavior which helps them in designing effective marketing plans to market their brand.How is the consumer influenced by others?According to a recent survey, 90 percent of the consumers stated that their buying decisions are influenced by the online reviews from the other consumers. This shows that a consumer can be influenced by other consumers towards a certain brand. Positive customer reviews influences other consumers negatively towards a certain brand while negative consumer reviews influences other consumers negatively. These customer reviews portrays the customer experiences on whether their needs were satisfied or not satisfied with a certain brand. BMW ensures that their products satisfy the needs of their consumers, thus ensuring that there are positive online reviews by their consumers concerning their products (Colson, 2011).Does culture direct a consumer to purchase one product vs. another?Consumer buying decisions are usually influenced by factors which are beyond their control. Cultural factors are external influences which have a great impact on what individuals consume and how they live. The culture represents the beliefs, behavior and also the way individuals observe and interact with other confederacy members. Cultural values play a great role in determining whether a certain product will be purchased in a particular market. As a way of convincing their customers to buy their products, organizations usually use cultural representations, particularly in promotional appeals (Retrieved August 14, 2014, from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/type-buyer-consumer-affect-marketing-strategy-65738.html). The main incur is to connect the customers using the cultural references that can be embraced and understood easily by the consumers. In order to win the consumers, marketers adopt strong research efforts so as to discover differences concerning how sub-culture behaves. BMW acknowledges this fact and has put its efforts through their marketers to ensure that their consumers relate well and feels more comfortable with their products because they correspond well with their cultural values (Bohner et al, 1997).ReferencesColson, R. S. (2011). BMW. naked York Po werKids Press.How Does the Type of Buyer or Consumer Affect a Marketing Strategy?. (n.d.). Small Business. Retrieved August 14, 2014, from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/type-buyer-consumer-affect-marketing-strategy-65738.htmlReference for Business. (n.d.). Consumer Behavior. Retrieved August 14, 2014, from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Comp-De/Consumer-Behavior.htmlWnke, M., Bohner, G., & Jurkowitsch, A. (1997). There are Many Reasons to Drive a BMW Does Imagined Ease of Argument Generation Influence Attitudes?. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(2), 170-178.

Advantages of Human Genetic Engineering Essay

Genetic engine room in its present form has been around for approximately twenty five years. The dictionary defines human genetic plan as the alteration of an individuals genotype with the aim of choosing the phenotype of a crudeborn or changing the existing phenotype of a child or adult. in that respect be many social consequences that are associated with genetic engineering which has ca utilize much debate from its beginning in 1970s. The benefits of human genetic engineering are endless, the to the highest degree predominant advantages include curing genetic diseases, increasing human privilege, and the production of more effective pharmaceuticals.The most promising benefit of human genetic engineering is gene therapy. Gene therapy is the medical treatment of a disease by repairing or replacing defective genes or introducing therapeutic genes to fight the disease. Over the recent ten years, indisputable auto resistive diseases diseases resulting from a disordered immune sy free radical reaction and heart disease have been treated with gene therapy.Many diseases, such(prenominal) as Huntingtons disease, Lou Gehrigs disease, or. ALS, and cystic fibrosis are ca utilise by a defective gene. The hope is that soon, through genetic engineering, a cure can be found for these diseases by either inserting a corrected gene, modifying the defective gene, or even performing genetic surgery. Eventually the hope is to completely eliminate certain genetic diseases as well as treat non-genetic diseases with an appropriate gene therapy.Gene therapy researchers are also studying ways to improve a perseverings immune response to cancer. In this approach, the treatment is used to stimulate the remainss natural ability to attack cancer cells. In virtuoso method, researchers take a small blood sample from a patient and insert genes that will cause each cell to produce a protein called a T-cell receptor, or TCR, which is responsible for recognizing antigens and disease fighting antibodies. The genes are transferred into the patients white blood cells and are then given back to the patient. In the body the TCRs then recognize and attach to certain molecules found on the surface of the tumor cells.Finally, the TCRs activate the white blood cells to attack and kill the tumor cells. Scientists are also investigating the insertion of genes into cancer cells to make them more sensitive to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other treatments. In other studies, researchers remove healthy blood-forming stem cells from the body, insert a gene that makes these cells more resistant to the side effects of high doses of anticancer drugs, and then inject the cells back into the patient.Human genetic engineering can also be used as a disease preventative by increasing ones immunity. People infected with a serious malady may not show symptoms of the disease for long periods of time. These latent, or inactive, infections can develop into an active disease without warning and also can be passed on to others. This new approach focuses on controlling or stimulating the immune system to cure latent infections and prevent them from causing disease. This research in immunity has the potential to significantly reduce illness, death, and disease transmission.An usage of this preventative application is the improvement in the treatment of HIV. The AIDS/HIV disease is a viral infection that destroys immune responses. The disease can be treated with drugs, however these drugs do not eliminate the virus from the body. Currently a patient moldiness remain on these drugs for the remainder of their life. The purpose of genetic engineerings pre-clinical studies is to advance towards clinical trials with a cell-based method of enhancing the patients own immune response against the virus. This approach involves identifying anti-HIV receptors that will be introduced into the patients own blood-forming stem cells. This approach has the potential to provide l ong-term immune control of virus replication, and may require only one or a few administrations.Another benefit from the study of human gene altering is with the creation of new drugs. Pharmaceutical advances in genetic engineering have made it possible to use plants as factories for protein production. Plant-made pharmaceuticals are made by inserting a segment of desoxyribonucleic acid that encodes the protein of choice into plant cells. The plants or plant cells are essentially factories used to produce the desired proteins and are only grown for the purpose of human pharmaceuticals.An example of this pharmaceutical application is gene splicing, one of the earliest uses of genetic engineering. Gene splicing was first used to manufacture large amounts of insulin, which was made using cells of E. coli bacteria. Interferon, which is used to eliminate certain viruses and kill cancer cells, is also a product of genetic engineering. Another byproduct is a type of human growth internal secretion its used to treat dwarfism and is produced through genetically engineered bacteria and yeasts. Today, research in the field of human genetic engineering continues to be used in the production of a variety of drugs and hormones for medical advantages.Human genetic engineering the application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that allow manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits is a topic that had been debated about for many years. The field of human genetic engineering is growing and changing at a tremendous pace. Future advance in genetic engineering could possibly eliminate diseases, deformities, prolong life, and overall improve human life.

Growth In Population Essay

Delhi has been experiencing phenomenal growth in population in the last few decades. So, the form of vehicles has been increase to 40 lakhs, these ar more than that of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai put together. Today traffic on the roads of Delhi is a mix-up of cycles, scooters, buses, cars and rickshaws, resulting fuel wastage, environmental pollution and increasing number of rod virgules.To rectify the situation the government of India and the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, in equal partnership have set up a company on 03.05.1995 named Delhi thermionic vacuum tube Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC).This necessitates a policy shift to discourage private modes. So, introduction of a revile based (MRTS) rush Rapid Transport administration is called for. MRTS will result in time saving for commuters, reliable and safer journey, reduction in atmospheric pollution, reduction in accident rates, reduced fuel consumption, reduced vehicle operating costs and increase in t he average speed of road vehicles.The proposed Mass Rapid Transport System (MRTS) is going to be one of the most eco friendly projects in Delhi. With international consultants Ms. PCI (Japan) is associated with DMRC which is, building MRTS aims at using the latest technical knowhow available in Metro systems worldwide. The general consultants consisting of (PCI-PBI-TON1 CHI-JARTS-RITES) is overseeing the construction management. The total .and requirement of the land for the construction is about 458,256 hectares.DMRC has two types of corridors, underground, partly elevated and partly on the ground, having a total distance of 52.60 kms. Out of which 11 kms. is underground from Delhi University to Central Secretariat There are 41 stations on the entire corridors. There are three divers(prenominal) routes of MRTS, Vishwavidyalaya-Central Secretariat, Shahdra Barwala and Tri Nagar- Nagloi.There are certain other routes under consideration with the DMRC. The train will run on broad g auge. Number of passenger using the improvement per day is estimated to be 19.5 lakhs. The train will run at a speed 30 kms per hour.The coaches will be 3.2 M wide. The maintenance depots for underground corridor are at Khyber Pass and Nagloi, for surface and elevated corridors at Trinagar and Barwala.The Chairman and Managing Director of the project are Sh. K. Kosal Ran and Sh. E. Sreedharan respectively. All the three corridors are scheduled to complete by March, 2005.The first phase of the project from Shahdra to Tis Hazari has already been inaugurated by Prime Minister of India, Sh. Atal Bihari Vajpayee The contract for the Metro Section between Central Secretarial to ISB has been awarded to consortium of quintuplet companies led by Ms Dyckrhoi & Widmann AG, Germany while section between Delhi University to ISBT has gone to a consortium led by Ms Kumagi (Japan). All contractors have Indian partners.At the underground corridor Metro Stations will be turn up 12.8 meters below g round level, except Chawri Bazar station which will be located at 20 meters below ground level. All the stations at every corridor will be air conditioned interchanging of commuters between Metro Corridor and rail Corridor will be at ISBT station. The completion cost of the Delhi Metro Project is Rs. 8155/- crores.

Aircraft on Ground Essay

In the case of Bennett Solutions, if the support assembly does not fit, do we need to build the steer into a recursive model of considering buying another new secern from Miami supplier or buying another from ARC, etc. can we just block off that branch of the tree taking into account the cost of returning the product and the reduced refund price? A There is no set answer, so feature whatever assumption you think is reasonable, state it clearly, and proceed with it. Q Is the cost of rebooking per passenger another decision tree? What we are trying to figure divulge is the % of load (occupied seats) and % of passengers looking to rebook same day etc. that are to be used as fixed for calculations or as uncertainities. A Try to marque as few assumptions as possible.As a general guideline, when the case gives you enough data (e. g. , historical payoffs, estimates, etc), such that you can compute a number directly, try to do that, instead of introducing new elements in the decision tree. Q Is it possible to fly an empty plane from Santiago to Miami in order to avoid a cancelled Miami Santiago flight? A Carefully read the notes at the end of the case one of them should stipulate something about this. Q How long does it take to make the actual repair to the system once the parts arrive in Santiago? A Make an assumption that you consider easonable, state it clearly, and proceed from on that point Q Consider the sentence However, since this is a current initiative, there is only a 35% to 50% probability that support assemblies of different fleets will fit perfectly and hence are interchangeable. There is no way to know in advance, this has to be checked on the aircraft when the component is installed. Does the above apply only to the part supplied by Bennett or it applies to the other suppliers? A It is safe to assume that it only applies to Bennett Cargo Sales as it refers only to the support assembly.

Robespierre Execution Research

Question What are the reasons for the execution of Maximilien Robespierre? Works Cited Hampson, Norman. The Life and Opinions of Maximilien Robespierre. N. p. Duckworth, 1974. Print. In the Suggestions for Further Reading section of A scant(p) memoir of the French Revolution by Jeremy Popkin, he recommends this book for further reading on Revolutionary Politics. This would be a dear(p) secondary source to attend into. Sections of this book can be strand on JSTOR. Jordan, David P. The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. Chicago U of Chicago P, 1989. Print.In the Suggestions for Further Reading section of A Short History of the French Revolution by Jeremy Popkin, he recommends this book for further reading on Revolutionary Politics. Online, I see that this book has an entire chapter sanctified to Thermidor. This book is a full secondary source to use. Sections of this book can be found on JSTOR. A complete eBook can be found on Google Books. Proyart, Lievin-Bonavent ure. La Vie et les Crimes de Maximilien Robespierre. Augsburg, 1795. Print. In the Works Cited section of The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre, David P.Jordan cites this book, which was written a year after the execution of Robespierre. This is a good secondary source to look at. ?Robespierre, Maximilien,Discours prononce par Robespierre, a la Convention Nationale, dans la seance du 8 thermidor de lan 2 de la Republique une et indivisible trouve parmi ses papiers par la Commission chargee de les examiner. N. p. Knowsley Pamphlet Collection, 1794. In the chapter on Thermidor inThe Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. David P. Jordan cites this speech and talks about its impact on his execution. This would make a good primary source to look at.

Marketing Segmentation Essay

foodstuff segmentation is the carry through of dividing up a exchange into more-or-less(prenominal) homogenous subsets for which it is vi up to(p) to progress to different foster propositions. At the end of the process the comp whatever keister decide which segment(s) it deprivations to serve. If it chooses, some(prenominal)ly segment stick unwrap be served with a different take to be proposition and managed in a different way. Market segmentation processes whoremonger be used during CPM for cardinal main purposes. They can be used to segment electric potential foodstuffs to reveal which clients to acquire, and to dot authorized clients with a view to pass differentiated prise propositions birthed by different birth care strategies. In this discussion well think on the application of foodstuff segmentation processes to unwrap which guests to acquire. What distinguishes securities industriousness segmentation for this CRM purpose is its very(prenominal) conjure up focus on guest value. The return of the process should be the identification of the value potential of each identified segment. Companies testament want to identify and target guests that can chip in profit in the coming(prenominal) day these impart be those clients that the company and its makework be better put to serve and satisfy than their competitors. Market segmentation in more companies is super intuitive. The marketing team leave go up profiles of client groups found upon their insight and experience. This is then used to hand the climbment of marketing strategies across the segments. In a CRM context, market segmentation is heightsly info dependent. The entropy faculty be generated internally or sourced externally. Internal entropy from marketing, gross revenue and finance records are a good deal enhanced with additional info from external sources such as marketing research companies, partner organizations in the companys network a nd entropy special(a)ists (see practice 5.2 ).The market segmentation process can be broken down into a yield of steps1. identify the barter you are in2. identify relevant segmentation vari fits3. analyse the market using these variables4. task the value of the market segments5. select target market(s) to serve.Sales forecasting Slide 6 (p. 136-8)The second field of study that can be used for CPM is sales forecasting. One major issue comm tho facing companies that demeanor CPM is that the selective information acquirable for thump customers takes a historical or, at best, present day view. The data identifies those customers who shake off been, or presently are, important for sales, profit or separate strategic reasons. If management believes the future testament be the equivalent as the ago, this presents no problem. However, if the business milieu is changeable, this does present a problem. Because CPMs goal is to identify those customers that bequeath be strat egi remembery important in the future, sales forecasting can be a useful discipline. Sales forecasting, some pessimists argue, is a waste of time, because the business environment is rapidly changing and unpredictable. major world events such as terrorist attacks, war, drought and market-based changes, such as reinvigorated fruits from competitors or high visibleness promotional campaigns, can make any sales forecasts invalid. There are a number of sales forecasting techniques that can be utilize, providing useful information for CPM. These techniques, which fall into trey major groups, are book for different circumstances. qualitative methodscustomer surveyssales team enumerates time-series methodsmoving averageexponential function smoothingtime-series decomposition causal methodsleading indicators lapse fabrics.Qualitative methods are probably the most widely used forecasting methods. node surveys ask consumers or buying officers to give an opinion on what they are likel y to buy in the forecasting outcome. This makes sense when customers forward-plan their purchasing. Data can be obtained by inserting a question into a customer satisfaction survey. For example, In the next six months are you likely to buy more, the same or less from us than in thecurrent period? And, If more, or less, what volume do you expect to buy from us? Sometimes, third party organizations such as industry associations or trans-industry groups such as the Chamber of barter or the Institute of Directors collect data that indicate future buying intentions or proxies for intention, such as business confidence. Sales team estimates can be useful when salespeople have built close relationships with their customers. A key account management team might be hearty placed to generate several individual forecasts from the team membership. These can be averaged or freighted in some way that reflects the calculators closeness to the customer.Account managers for Dyno Nobel, a provi der of commercial explosives for the mining and quarrying industries, are so close to their customers that they are able to forecast sales two to iii years ahead. Operational CRM frames support the qualitative sales forecasting methods, in particular sales team estimates. The CRM dodging takes into account the value of the sale, the probability of closing the sale and the anticipated period to closure. Many CRM systems also abandon management to do the estimates of their sales team members, to allow for overly optimistic or pessimistic salespeople. Time-series approaches take historical data and extrapolate them forward in a linear or curvilinear trend. This approach makes sense when in that location are historical sales data, and the assumption can be safely made that the future will reflect the past. The moving average method is the simplest of these. This takes sales in a number of previous periods and averages them. The averaging process reduces or eliminates random variat ion. The moving average is computed on successive periods of data, moving on one period at a time, as in check 5.10 . Moving averages based on different periods can be calculated on historic data to generate an accurate method. A variation is to weight the more re centimeimeime periods more heavily. The rationale is that more recent periods are better predictors. In producingan estimate for year 2009 in render 5.10 , one could weight the previous four years sales surgery by 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively, to reach an estimate. This would generate a forecast of 5461.This approach is called exponential smoothing. The decomposition method is applied when there is evidence of cyclical or seasonal patterns in the historical data. The method attempts to separate out four components of the time series trend agentive role,cyclical factor, seasonal factor and random factor. The trend factor is the longterm direction of the trend after the other three elements are removed. The c yclical factor represents regular semipermanent recurrent influences on sales seasonal influences loosely occur within annual cycles. It is sometimes viable to predict sales using leading indicators. A leading indicator is some contemporary natural action or event that indicates that a nonher legal action or event will happen in the future. At a macro level, for example, housing starts are good predictors of future sales of kitchen furniture. At a small level, when a credit card customer calls into a contact centre to ask active the current rate of interest, this is a strong indicator that the customer will switch to another supplier in the future. Regression models work by employing data on a number of predictor variables to estimate future affect. The variable be predicted is called the dependent variable the variables existence used as predictors are called main(a) variables. For example, if you cute to predict demand for cars (the dependent variable) you might use dat a on population size, average usable income, average car price for the category being predicted and average fuel price (the independent variables). The lapsing equation can be tested and validated on historical data before being adopted. New predictor variables can be substituted or added to see if they improve the accuracy of the forecast. This can be a useful approach for predicting demand from a segment. Activity-Based Costing Slide 7 (p. 138-40) guest attainment bellsTerms of TradeCustomer advantage equalsWorking uppercase livesActivity-based costThe third discipline that is useful for CPM is activity-based be. Many companies, particularly those in a B2B context, can key out revenues to customers. In a B2C environment, it is usually only possible to trace revenues to identifiable customers if the company operates a billing system requiring customer details, or a membership scheme such as a customer club, store-card or a loyalty programme. In a B2B context, revenues can be tracked in the sales and accounts databases. be are an all in all different matter.Because the goal of CPM is to cluster customers according to their strategic value, it is desirable to be able to identify which customers are, or will be, profitable. Clearly, if a company is to understand customer profitability, it has to be able to trace be, as well as revenues, to customers. Costs do metamorphose from customer to customer. Some customers are very costly to acquire and serve, others are not. There can be considerable variance across the customer base within several categories of cost customer achievement costs some customers require considerable sales effort to move them from prospect to fi rst-time customer status more sales calls, visits to reference customer sites, free seeks, engineering advice, guarantees that switching costs will be met by the vendor terms of trade price discounts, advertising and promotion support, slotting allowances (cash paid to retailers fo r shelf space), extended invoice due dates customer emolument costs handling queries, claims and find faultts, demands on salespeople and contact centre, small order sizes, high order frequency, just-in-time delivery, part adulterate shipments, breaking bulk for delivery to multiple sites working capital costs carrying inventory for the customer, cost of credit. conventional product-based or general ledger costing systems do not provide this type of detail, and do not enable companies to estimate customer profitability. Product costing systems track material, labour and energy costs to products, often comparing actual to standard costs. They do not, however, cover the customer-facing activities of marketing, sales and service. General ledger costing systems do track costs across all parts of the business, but are normally too highly aggregated to establish which customers or segments are responsible for generating those costs. Activity-based costing (ABC) is an approach to c osting that softens costs into two groups volume-based costs and order-related costs. Volume based (product-related) costs are variable against the size of the order, but fixed per whole for any order and any customer. Material and direct labour costs are examples.Order-related (customer-related) costs vary according to the product and process requirements of each particular customer. Imagine two retail customers, each purchasing the same volumes of product from a manufacturer. Customer 1 makes no product or process demands. The sales revenue is $5000 the gross margin for the vendor is $1000. Customer 2 is a different story customizedproduct, special overprinted outer packaging, just-in-time delivery to three sites, provision of point-of-sale material, sale or return conditions and discounted price. Not only that, but Customer 2 spends a lot of time agreeing these terms and conditions with a salesperson who has had to call three times before closing the sale. The sales revenue is $ 5000, but after accounting for product and process costs to meet the demands of this particular customer, the margin retained by the vendor is $250. Other things being equal, Customer 1 is four times as valuable as Customer 2. Whereas conventional cost accounting practices report what was spent, ABC reports what the money was spent doing. Whereas the conventional general ledger approach to costing identifies resource costs such as payroll, equipment and materials, the ABC approach shows what was being done when these costs were incurred. Figure 5.11 shows how an ABC view of costs in an insurance companys claims processing department gives an entirely different picture to the traditional view.ABC gives the manager of the claims-processing department a much clearer idea of which activities fashion cost. The next question from a CPM perspective is which customers create the activity? Put another way, which customers are the cost drivers? If you were to examine the activity cost item Analyse claims $121 000 , and find that 80 per cent of the claims were made by drivers under the age of 20, youd have a clear understanding of the customer group that was creating that activity cost for the business. CRM desires ABC because of its overriding goal of generating profitable relationships with customers. Unless there is a costing system in place to trace costs to customers, CRM will find it very difficult to deliver on a promise of improved customer profitability. Overall, ABC serves customer portfolio management in a number of ways 1. when combined with revenue figures, it tells you the absolute and relative levels of profit generated by each customer, segment or cohort 2. it guides you towards actions that can be taken to return customers to profit 3. it helps prioritize and direct customer acquisition, retentivity and development strategies 4. it helps establish whether customization and other forms of value creation for customers pay off. ABC sometimes justifie s managements confidence in the Pareto principle, otherwise know as the 8020 rule. This rule refers that80 per cent of kale come from 20 per cent of customers. ABC tells you which customers fall into the important 20 per cent. Research generally supports the 80 0 rule. For example, one report from Coopers and Lybrand found that, in the retail industry, the result 4 per cent of customers account for 29 per cent of profits, the next 26 per cent of customers account for 55 per cent of profits and the remaining 70 per cent account for only 16 per cent of profits.Lifetime Value tenderness Slide 8 (p. 141-2)The fourth discipline that can be used for CPM is customer lifetime value (LTV) estimation, which was first introduced in Chapter 2. LTV is measured by computing the present day value of all net margins (gross margins less cost-to-serve) earned from a relationship with a customer, segment or cohort. LTV estimates provide important insights that guide companies in their customer man agement strategies. Clearly, companies want to protect and ring-fence their relationships with customers, segments or cohorts that will generate significant amounts of profit. Sunil Gupta and Donald Lehmann suggest that customer lifetime value can be computed as followsApplication of this formula means that you do not have to estimate customer tenure. As customer retention rate rises there is an self-regulating lift in customer tenure, as shown in Table 2.2 in Chapter 2. This formula can be adjusted to consider change in both future margins and retention rates either up or down, as described in Gupta and Lehmanns book Managing Customers as Investments. The table can be used to assess the impact of a number of customer management strategies what would be the impact of decrease cost-toserve by shifting customers to low-cost self-serve melodys? What would be the result of cross-selling higher margin products? What would be the outcome of a loyalty programme designed to increase ret ention rate from 80 to 82 per cent? An important additional benefit of this LTV calculation is that it enables you to estimate a companys value. For example, it has been computed that the LTV of the average US-based American Airlines customer is $166.94. American Airlines has 43.7 million such customers, yielding an estimated company value of $7.3 billion. Roland Rust and his co-researchers noted that, minded(p) the absence of internationalpassengers and freight considerations from this computation, it was remarkably close to the companys market capitalization at the time their research was undertaken.Clustering (144) fall away 9Clustering techniques are used to find of course occurring groupings within a dataset. As applied to customer data, these techniques generally function as follows 1. from each one customer is allocated to just one group. The customer possesses attributes that are more closely associated with that group than any other group. 2. Each group is relatively ho mogenous.3. The groups collectively are very different from each other. In other words, bunch techniques generally try to maximize both within-group homogeneity and between-group heterogeneity. There are a number of clustering techniques, including CART (classification and regression channelises) and CHAID (chi-square automatic interaction detection).7 Once statistically homogenous clusters have been formed they need to be interpreted. CRM strategists are often interested in the future behaviours of a customer segment, cohort or individual. Customers potential value is determined by their pr readablesity to buy products in the future. Data miners can march on predictive models by examining patterns and relationships within historic data. Predictive models can be generated to identify 1. Which customer, segment or cohort is most likely to buy a given product? 2. Which customers are likely to inattention on payment?3. Which customers are most likely to defect (churn)?Data analyst s scour historic data looking for predictor and outcome variables. Then a model is built and validated on these historic data. When the model seems to work well on the historic data, it is run on contemporary data, where the predictor data are known but the outcome data are not. This is known as scoring . make headway are answers to questions such as the propensity-to-buy, default and churn questions listed above. Predictive modelling is based on three assumptions, each of which whitethorn be true to a greater or lesser extent 1. The past is a good predictor of the future BUT this may not be true. Sales of legion(predicate) products are cyclical or seasonal.Others have fashion or fad lifecycles. 2. The data are available BUT this may not be true. Data used to train the model may no longer be collected. Data may be too costly to collect, or may be in the wrong format. 3. Customer-related databases contain what you want to predict BUT this may not be true. The data may not be available. If you want to predict which customers are most likely to buy mortgage protection insurance, and you only have data on life policies, you will not be able to answer the question. Two tools that are used for predicting future behaviours are decision trees and neural networks. Decision trees (145) slide 9Decision trees are so called because the graphical model output has the appearance of a offset printing structure. Decision trees work by analyzing a dataset to find the independent variable that, when used to split the population, results in nodes that are most different from each other with respect to the variable you are tying to predict. Figure 5.12 contains a set of data about five dollar bill customers and their credit risk profile.We want to use the data in four of the fi ve columns to predict the risk rating in the fifth column. A decision tree can be constructed for this purpose. In decision tree psychoanalysis, Risk is in the dependent column. This is also kn own as the target variable. The other four columns are independent columns. It is unlikely that the customers name is a predictor of Risk, so we will use the three other pieces of data as independent variables debt, income and marital status. In the example, each of these is a simple categorical item, each of which only has two possible values (high or low yes or no). The data from Figure 5.12 are represented in a different form in Figure 5.13 , in a way which lets you see which independent variable is best at predicting risk. As you examine the data, you will see that the best split is income (four instances highlighted in unmixed on the diagonal two high income/good risk plus two low income/ pitiable risk). Debt and marital status each score three on their diagonals. Once a node is split, the same process is performed on each successive node, either until no further splits are possible or until you have reached a managerially useful model.The graphical output of this decision tre e analysis is shown in Figure 5.14 .Each box is a node. Nodes are linked by branches. The top node is the root node. The data from the root node is split into two groups based on income. The right-hand, low income box, does not split any further because both low income customers are classified as poor credit risks. The left-hand, high-income box does split further, into married and not married customers. Neither of these split further because the one unmarried customer is a poor credit risk and the two remaining married customers are good credit risks.As a result of this process the company knows that customers who have the lowest credit risk will be high income and married. They will also note that debt, one of the variables inserted into the training model, did not perform well. It is not a predictor of creditworthiness. Decision trees that work with categorical data such as these are known as classification trees. When decision trees are applied to continuous data they are known as regression trees. neuronal Networks (147) slide 9Neural networks are another way of fitting a model to existing data for prediction purposes. The expression neural network has its origins in the work of machine reading and artificial intelligence. Researchers in this field have tried to learn from the natural neural networks of living creatures. Neural networks can produce excellent predictions from heroic and complex datasets containing hundreds of interactive predictor variables, but the neural networks are neither easy to understand nor straightforward to use. Neural networks represent complex mathematical equations, with many summations, exponential functions and parameters. Like decision trees and clustering techniques, neural networks need to be trained to recognize patterns on sample datasets. Once trained, they can be used to predict customer behaviour from new data. They work well when there are many potential predictor variables, some of which are redundant.Case 5.2 Customer portfolio management at TescoTesco, the largest and most successful supermarket concatenation in the UK, has true a CRM strategy that is the envy of many of its competitors. Principally a food retailer in a mature market that has grown weeny in thelast 20 years, Tesco realized that the only route to growth was taking market get by from competitors. Consequently, the development of a CRM strategy was seen as imperative.In developing its CRM strategy, Tesco first analysed its customer base. It found that the top 100 customers were worth the same as the bottom 4000. It also found that the bottom 25 per cent of customers represented only 2 per cent of sales, and that the top 5 per cent of customers were responsible for 20 per cent of sales.The results of this analysis were used to segment Tescos customers and to develop its successful loyalty programmes.SWOT and PESTE (p. 154-5) slide 10SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportwholeies and threats. SWOT analysis explores the internal environment (S and W) and the external environment (O and T) of a strategic business unit. The internal (SW) take stock looks for strengths and weaknesses in the business functions of sales, marketing, manufacturing or operations, finance and people management. It then looks cross-functionally for strengths and weaknesses in, for example, cross-functional processes (such as new product development) and organizational culture. The external (OT) audit analyses the macro- and micro-environments in which the customer operates. The macro-environment includes a number of broad conditions that might impact on a company. These conditions are identified by a PESTE analysis. PESTE is an acronym for policy-making, economic, social, technological and environmental conditions.An analysis would try to pick out major conditions that impact on a business, as illustrated below political environment demand for international air travel contracted as worldwide political stabi lity was reduced after September 11, 2001 economic environment demand for mortgages falls when the economy enters recession. social environment as a population ages, demand for healthcare and residential homes increase technological environment as more households become owners of computers, demand for Internet banking increases environmental conditions as customers becomemore concerned about environmental quality, demand for more energy efficient products increases. The micro environmental part of the external (OT) audit examines relationships between a company and its immediate external stakeholders customers, suppliers, business partners and investors. A CRM-oriented SWOT analysis would be searching for customers or potential customers that emerge well from the analysis. These would be customers that 1. possess relevant strengths to exploit the opportunities open to them 2. are overcoming weaknesses by partnering with other organizations to take advantage of opportunities 3. a re investing in turning rough the company to exploit the opportunities 4. are responding to external threats in their current markets by exploiting their strengths for diversification.Five forcesThe five-forces analysis was developed by Michael Porter. 17 He claimed that the profitability of an industry, as measured by its return on capital employed relative to its cost of capital, was determined by five sources of competitive pressure. These five sources include three horizontal and two vertical conditions.The horizontal conditions arecompetition within the established businesses in the marketcompetition from potential new entrantscompetition from potential substitutes.The vertical conditions reflect supply and demand chain considerations the bargaining power of buyersthe bargaining power of suppliers.Porters basic premise is that competitors in an industry will be more profitable if these five conditions are benign. For example, if buyers are very powerful, they can demand high l evels of service and low prices, thus negatively influencing the profitability of the supplier. However, if barriers to entry are high, say because of large capital requirements or dominance of the market by very powerful brands, then current players will be relatively immune from new entrants and enjoy the possibility of better profits. Why would a CRM-strategist be interested in a five-forces evaluation of customers? Fundamentally, a financially healthy customer offers better potential for a supplier than a customer in financialdistress. The analysis points to different CRM solutions 1. Customers in a profitable industry are more likely to be stable for the near-term, and are better placed to invest in opportunities for the future. They therefore have stronger value potential. These are customers with whom a supplier would want to manikin an exclusive and well-protected relationship. 2. Customers in a stressed industry might be looking for reduced cost inputs from its suppliers, or for other ways that they can add value to their offer to their own customers. A CRM-oriented supplier would be trying to find ways to serve this customer more effectively, perhaps by uncovering out elements of the value proposition that are not critical, or by adding elements that enable the customer to manage more strongly.Strategically Significant Customers (157) slide 11The goal of this entire analytical process is to cluster customers into groups so that differentiated value propositions and relationship management strategies can be applied. One outcome will be the identification of customers that will be strategically significant for the companys future. We call these strategically significant customers (SSCs). There are several classes of SSC, as follows 1. High future lifetime value customers these customers will contribute significantly to the companys profitability in the future. 2. High volume customers these customers might not generate much profit, but they are st rategically significant because of their absorption of fixed costs, and the economies of scale they generate to keep unit costs low. 3. Benchmark customers these are customers that other customers follow. For example, Nippon Conlux supplies the hardware and software for Coca grasss vending operation. While they might not make much margin from that relationship, it has allowed them to gain retrieve to many other markets. If we are good enough for Coke, we are good enough for you , is the implied promise. Some IT companies create reference sites at some of their more demanding customers. 4. Inspirations these are customers who bring about improvement in the suppliers business. They may identify new applications for a product, product improvements, or opportunities for cost reductions. They may complain loudly and make unreasonable demands, but in doing so, force change for the better. 5. Dooropeners these are customers that allow the supplier to gain access to a new market. T his may be done for no initial profit, but with a view to proving credentials for further expansion. This may be particularly important if intersection point cultural boundaries, say between west and east. One company, a Scandinavian processor of timber, has identified five major customer groups that are strategically significant, as in Figure 5.22 .The Seven Core Customer Management Strategies (158-9) slide 12This sort of analysis pays off when it helps companies develop and implement differentiated CRM strategies for clusters of customers in the portfolio. There are several core customer management strategies 1. Protect the relationship this makes sense when the customer is strategically significant and attractive to competitors. We discuss the creation of exit barriers in our review of customer retention strategies in Chapter 9.2. Re-engineer the relationship in this case, the customer is currently unprofitable or less profitable than desired. However, the customer could be c onverted to profit if costs were trimmed from the relationship. This might mean reducing or automating service levels, or servicing customers through lower cost channels. In the banking industry, transaction processing costs, as a multiple of online processing costs are as follows. If Internet transaction processing has a unit cost of 1, an in-bank teller transaction costs 120 units, an ATM transaction costs 40, telephone costs 30 and PC banking costs 20. In other words, it is 120 times more expensive to put up an in-bank transaction than the identical online transaction. Cost-reduction programmes have motivated banks to migrate their customers, or at least some segments of customers, to other lower cost channels. An Australian electricity company has found that its average annual margin per customer is $60. It costs $13 to serve a customer who pays by credit card, but only 64 cents to service a direct debit customer. Each customer moved to the lower cost channel therefore produces a transaction cost saving of more than $12, which increases the average customer value by 20 per cent.Re-engineering a relationship requires a clear understanding of the activities that create costs in the relationship (see Case 5.3). 3. Enhance the relationship likethe strategy above, the goal is to migrate the customer up the value ladder. In this case it is done not by re-engineering the relationship, but by increasing your share of customer spend on the category, and by identifying up-selling and cross-selling opportunities. 4. Harvest the relationship when your share of wallet is stable, and you do not want to invest more resources in customer development, you may feel that the customer has reached maximum value. Under these conditions you may wish to harvest, that is, optimize cash flow from the customer with a view to using the cash generated to develop other customers. This may be particularly appealing if the customer is in a declining market, has a high cost-to-serve or has a high propensity-to-switch to competitors. 5. End the relationship sacking customers is generally anathema to sales and marketing people. However, when the customer shows no sign of making a significant contribution in the future it may be the best option.You can read about strategies for sacking customers in Chapter 9. 6. Win back the customer sometimes customers take some or all of their business to other suppliers. If they are not strategically signifi cant, it may make sense to let them go. However, when the customer is important, you may need to develop and implement take in back strategies. The starting point must be to understand why they took their business away. 7. Start a relationship youve identified a prospect as having potential strategic significance for the future. You need to develop an acquisition plan to recruit the customer onto the value ladder. You can read about customer acquisition strategies in Chapter 8.

Interview with a Doctor

The current American healthcare organisation and its hassles The interview is with Dr. John Tomas who is a surgeon in New Jersey. Dr. Tomas has been practicing medical specialty for eachplace twenty years so he has a voltaic pile of experience in the health check field. Dr. Tomas deals with smokestack of people who are from the middle and raze class. Those people are so concerned about the be of the healthcare bills and they deem a lot of trouble handling these equals.. The healthcare discussion should also be seen from a doctors perspective and that is why this interview is valuable Dr.Tomas has also a lot of knowledge about the politics of the healthcare establishment in the United States. He has a personalised view of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act which is another term for Obama care. 1- What is your view of current American healthcare system? The current American healthcare system has a major problem which is the approach. The cost for the Ameri can healthcare system is 2. 5 trillion dollars per year which is much higher than whatsoever other industrialized country in the world. The medical expenses on every citizen are $7,960.Other industrialized countries exhausted average of $3,233 annually per person which is much lower and these people from other countries compensate more medical valuable care. 41 percent of working Americans have problem with paying their medical bills. Taxpayers dont receive the service that they actually pay for and a lot of people go easily develop because they cant afford to pay their medical bills. The American establishment covers 46 percent of these expenses and that is iodin of the reasons why we are in a huge debt and it is another factor for the major economic crisis in the United States. -what are the current major problems with the current American healthcare system? I trust there are in any case many regulations in the current American health care system. on that point are also a lot of politicians and lawyer that take a crap involved in the medical field. When these factors get involved, the insurance costs get higher and the medical expenses become very expensive. Practicing medicine is not pleasurable to me personally anymore because I am horrified to get sued and lose my insurance. All these outer factors that get involved in our field make practicing the profession of medicine much tougher for doctors. -Do you think defensive medicine is good or bad for the American healthcare system? In the United States we have a major problem with regulations that are involved in the medical field. In the United States, doctors have to do a lot of tests and plenty of consultations with other physicians before performing any operation. The reason for that is because the doctors are afraid of the lawsuits that could cause them losing their insurance or even their license. American doctors follow the defensive medicine by doing a lot of unnecessary tests that import antly increase the costs of healthcare.In other countries where there are not too many regulations in the medical field, doctors in other countries do the operations with the akin outcomes but in much lower costs. This is obviously an issue and it has its advantages and its disadvantages but the American defensive medicine system is much safer and the foreign medicine system is much cheaper. 4-Do you think that Obama care will lower the costs for the current healthcare system? I dont think so because when government gets involved in any filed, the cost usually get much higher.Obama care will cost $1. 165 trillion dollars over the next ten years. The government hasnt been very successful with Medicare or Medicaid which proves my point. The healthcare should stay as a private business that is managed by private healthcare companies. If the government takes over the healthcare system, the country will spend a massive amount of money and the select of the care will be lowered signifi cantly. 5-Do you think that Americans could have a better healthcare system if they follow the socialize healthcare system of Canada and Europe?And what are your resolving powers for the problems that we have with our healthcare system. I have been to Canada and Europe. I also have a lot of friends who are physicians in these countries. They dont kindred what they have there. Patients could wait six months to get an operation in Canada. There are risings costs of medications in Canada and Europe. Those increasing of the cost of the medications make it harder for people to get a good care under the socialized healthcare system. A lot of Europeans countries are going cashier eventually and the socialized healthcare system is one of the reasons of that.The solution to our healthcare problem is not going backwards by following a socialized healthcare system. The solution comes with creating more competition between healthcare companies that take advantage of the American people. Eve n though we had a recession in the last few years, the profit of the insurance companies has been change magnitude by 56 percent. Creating the competition between those insurance companies will definitely lower the costs and the medical bills that have been a heavy weight over the shoulders of the American pope.The healthcare discussion is very primary(prenominal) because unlike fancy cars or fancy clothes, everybody needs to have healthcare. Plenty of Americans are suffering every day because they dont have the money to cover the expenses of their medical bills. People go bankrupt because of these expensive costs and that is rare in any other industrialized country. The reason why the cost is too expensive in this country is because there are too many regulations, politics, lobbyists, lawyers and unfairness in our healthcare system.Obamacare could be another disaster for our healthcare system because it is going to raise the costs of the healthcare system and our economy is alrea dy in a very bad shape. The most practical solution to our healthcare system is to create a fair competition between healthcare companies which will significantly lower the costs of the current healthcare system. If I have a second chance to do a second interview, I will also discus the medicine field with the person that I am having interview with because the topic is very interesting.

Effect Of Gangsterism Essay

2.0 Effect of GangsterismGangsterisms is a social phenomenon that occurs widely among the youth in our country. With the rapid rise of this problem, clustersterisms arrive at much negative impact on individuals, families, and communities.2.1 IndividualIn terminal figure of individual, student who involves themselves with mobsterism ordain face bad consequences in their life including having a dark future. Thus, their future top executive be threatened due to the result of their behavior. Most probably they will be detained because somehow they equal to(p) to create chaotic scene in their surroundings.This will also affect their life as they futile to perform their study in higher level and they power spend their teenage years in juvenile school or rehabilitation centre. On the contrary, those with a bright future able to reach out their study while they had wasting their precious life in prison.They also will give a bad impact or influence to the youngers. They will follow th e foot step of the elder ones in family and causing them to follow the wrong path as the elder ones.From The Star online, Wan Junaidi, a precedent policeman, said the army and police had fought the communists and protected the country from grave danger in the 1960s and therefore, was positive(p) that they could combat clustersterism. In the past, we chased after communists in the jungles, exclusively now the gangsters ar there they are not hiding. I cant accept the excuse that because of gangsterism, we cant enforce the law. So what else next? Are we to anyow gangsters to rule the country because they are gangsters? he pointed out. (by Chan, Zora. February 5, 2012)In fact teenagers who commonly have the desire to do something new, they would do some bad things without thinking about the possible effect of their actions in future. Teenagers involved in social causes them to be brings into contempt and ragtag. At this level of teen lacks explosive charge or clear goals in t he future and not an ambitious. Although they were repented, they still hard to earn the trust of the connection and they will be stigmatized.This makes it difficult for them to get the next job will give noticed by family members could not tolerate their behavior causes them added life inevitably fluctuate.A gang offers protection to its members to the uninitiated and insecure, a gang means security from racial harassment and law enforcement agencies. Some join gangs for fun, but are presently swept into a vicious cycle of violent crime and drugs. The prime targets for gangs are new immigrants who have language and cultural differences from mainstream communities. Troubled youth and rebellious teenagers may join gangs and directly or indirectly influence community life.In communities where gang activity dictates normal living, there are very few signs of healthy, state-of-the-art life or development. lodge development projects are kept on hold as cash is allocated to combat g ang warfare. justice enforcement agencies take on a tough stance when it comes to these communities. As a result, innocent families also confront backward, hopeless lives where there opportunities are severely curtailed by the terrifying social movement of gangs.2.2 FamilyIn the context of family, parents need to receive the bad treatment as the result of their children behavior. Most probably, parents might be insulted or becoming the subject of hatred from pot in their surrounding. They might be point for what their children had done and through other people eyes they had to be responsible.Somehow, there are parents who try so hard, in order to guide their children back to the right path. However, some children are too stubborn and ignore the advice of their respectful parents. In addition, parents need to face with reality that their children are not turn into a untroubled person and turn out differently from what they had expected.SBs relationship with his pay back was de scribed as tumultuous. His gang involvement must have been the reason for many of their arguments, as it is clear that she consistently do her disapproval of his lifestyle known. She would remind him of the effects his lifestyle is having on her and hisyounger brothers, though he cut her. Once, however, there was a retaliation attack on his family home after he fought with another gangster. The competition gang threatened his mother with death and trashed his familys home. This incident was SBs first engender of the dangerous consequences that being a gangster could have for ones family. As a gangster, his mothers section stayed in his head, admonishing him about his lifestyle. My mothers voice, yes Her voice was the only voice that notwithstanding now helps. She was always there, even when I went to jail. She would always talk, even scold, and say I am not putting you out because you are a gangster, it is because I do not agree with what you do. (Daniels, Doria and Adams, Qu inton. July 1, 2010 45-60)By the conduct of themselves, their families gangster actors also get impact. The community will lose faith in the family, but the familys honor is scratched with teen action like menconteng arang ke muka. This may affect the future of other siblings and even worse if the affected family members who are emotionally and unable to handle the pressure from confederacy. This problem will keep in the long term to be restored.Sub-economic theatre of operationss, where gangsterism is the most prevalent and problematic, are good training rationality for would-be gangsters. In most instances, both parents are either unemployed or both are working, leaving their children unattended or with strangers. Gangs quickly exploit such situations. In fact, they thrive on it, pass youngsters a surrogate family setup which gives the youngsters a sense of belonging. In most cases, youths are used to root for the crimes such as murder, rape, etc effectively obscuring the leadership from being identified. Often, the order to commit a crime is filtered thorugh the ranks of a gang. Thus, the person committing the crime never knows who gave the order. The police, therefore, are never able to get hold of the leadership.2.3 hostelGangsterism of all levels and types usually has a negative effect on society. Gangsterism also can bring down the prop value of neighborhoods from the violence and vandalism involved with gangsterism life. Big money investorsmay shy away from places where they olfactory modality that their properties and resources will not be used for fear of gang crimes. Gangsterism can also drive up prices of local groceries and commodities via their intimidating schemes that force businesses to pay them sums of money in exchange for protection.As for society, they will go through insecure and threatened everywhere this matter because they felt that the surrounding is not the safe place any longer due to the violent act of gangster. Societ y would normally avoid to get out of the house. This is because, they afraid of been victims of terrorism. each(prenominal) their daily activities such as sports, recreation, and so on will be reduced or be stopped to ensure safety. Usually when the most feared society were involved in the fights between gangster groups. Their fights will usually result in serious injury or even worse death.The behavior of gangster might endanger their life because at some point, gangster can turn out to be a killer and some of them also fight among each other to show their power. In addition, this gentle of phenomenon also spread widely in school. Futhermore, it had come to the stage where school compound cannot be considered as a safe place anymore due to the gangsterism activities that take place in school area They also will make the students be afraid to go to the school. Middleton-Moz and Zawadski (2002) argue that our own lack of ken often causes us to be both deaf and blind to the pain ex perienced by our realms youth and, as a result, our young people too often become the prisoners of their distress and depression, seeing little possibility for change and no way. Therefore, it show that our own lack of concern over what had happened make the matter of gangsterism getting worst until the victim of gangsterism are being abuse physically and emotionally. Society is no longer felt peace and harmony in the country which they had resided. They cannot move out freely as they are afraid of those gangsters and worried about their safety. They will be a burden to the people or to the neighbourhood.Predatory crime does not merely victimise individuals it impedes and, in extreme cases, even prevents the formation and maintenance of community. By disrupting the delicate nexus of ties, formal and informal, by which we arelinked with our neighbours, crime atomises society and makes of its members mere individual calculators, estimating their own advantage, especially their own chances of survival amidst their fellows.(James Q. Wilson (1975) Thinking About Crime)In communities where gang activity dictates normal living, there are very few signs of healthy, progressive life or development. Community development projects are kept on hold as money is allocated to combat gang warfare. Law enforcement agencies take on a tough stance when it comes to these communities. As a result, innocent families also live backward, hopeless lives where there opportunities are severely curtailed by the terrifying presence of gangs.

Aol Time Warner- What Went Wrong

In January 2000, AOL announced that it would be acquiring date Warner finished a complete stock deal to create the largest media each(prenominal)iance in the world. Not only was the amalgamation the biggest ever in the media perseverance, it was also champion of the biggest in the history of the corporate world. As per the merger agreement, AOL and cartridge holder Warner stock was converted to AOL Time Warner stock. AOL shareh superannuateders received one share of AOL Time Warner for each AOL share have and Time Warner shareholders received 1. shares of AOL Time Warner for each Time Warner share they owned. While AOL shareholders owned 55% of the advanced company, the remaining was held by Time Warner. The merger was soon being talked of as the beginning of a brand- refreshful trend the coming together of traditional and new media companies. According to a report, AOL was a turbo-charged engine that would bring old media giant, Time Warner, into the Internet century. Th e merger was expected to result in a 30% increase in profits, amounting to over US $ 40 cardinal in revenues in the first year itself.The new company had 100 million paid subscribers, which included the customers of AOLs dial-up operate and subscribers of Time Warners cable and magazine divisions. A major setback to the achievement of the merger was the bursting of the Internet bubble, which was expected to rule the media and entertainment industry in the twenty-first century. When the Internet bubble burst, there was a steep decline in subscriber growth for AOL, which lead to a steep decline in its publicizing revenues.Time Warner merged with America Online in 2001 at the height of the dot-com boom, with AOL using its inflated stock as a currency for the transaction. But the pairing of old and new media behemoths baptised quickly went sour as the benefits promised to shareholders failed to materialise. AOL was valued at more than $US150 billion when the ill-fated merger was announced, but its worth collapsed dramatically as the dot-com bubble burst. Time Warner was constrained in 2002 to massively write down the value of the Internet unit and the AOL name was removed from the groups corporate title in 2003.As a consequence of this not only lost AOL subscribers to their Internet operate but also their portal lost importance leading to a loss in probability to promote AOL Time Warner content. As a further consequence income from advertising is decreasing. 3. 0 BCG Matrix of AOL-TIME WARNER 4. 0 ALTERNATIVES REVIEW AND TURNAROUND STRATEGIES After the merger, AOL Time Warner was indeed the unquestioned number one worldwide media company, oddly with the phenomenal box-office successes of Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings.Some of the anticipated synergies have actually come more or less and the company has successfully met a number of its goals, according to industry observers. On the Internet side, AOL must register it can maintain its paramount posi tion by signing deals across the entire cable industry slice it opens its Time Warner cable pipes to competitors. If it cant, AOLs position as the undisputed leader in the con summationer Internet business could begin to slip. According to published reports, AOL has more than 33 million subscribers worldwide, 25 million in the U.S. and analysts expect AOL to sign 6. 2 million new members for the year. AOLs Pittman believes that eventually between 90 million and 95 million U. S. homes bequeath be connected to the Internet. In 2001, AOL Internet subscribers spent $33 billion online, 67% more than they spent the year before. America Online has thrived by making it cheap and blowzy for millions of people to get onto the Internet using a standard open-access phone line and modem.With all of the quid about broadband, nearly all of AOLs current subscribers still use dial-up narrowband connections, which are far similarly slow to accommodate the growing demand for rich media that consu mers increasingly want from the web. 4. 1 AOL-TIME WARNER TURNAROUND system The problem faced by Time Warner after its merger with AOL is an issue which merits discussion. The AOL-Time Warner merger in 2001 resulted in the largest media company in the world. AOL joined hands with Time Warner to create synergy between its online businesses and Warners media business.Two noteworthy factors affected the post merger company. One, the dot-com burst meant adverse effect on AOLs advertising revenues. And two, dial-up subscribers decreased thereby affecting revenues and overall profitability of AOL. A key element in the about-face strategy should be to offer free content on its portal. This strategy will benefit AOL in attracting more online users and advertising revenues. When AOL began operations it soon became the leading company for-pay online subscriber service, bringing easy-to-use Internet service to more than 30 million users.AOL was mainly based on around its dial up business. With customers displacement to broadband, AOL was losing subscribers rapidly. The dial-up segment though profitable, was declining in revenues having lost 2. 6 million subscribers in a period of one year. The share price of AOL Time Warner fell by 60% after the merger. The merger was heavily criticized from all quarters. Growth in advertising business came with AOL establishing itself as a support service rather than an net access provider. Seeing AOLs success Google entered into a global advertising partnership with the AOL.Google acquired a 5% equity stake in AOL for US$ 1 billion. In broadband, to be able to beat the controversy they should be the first organization to define the category of streaming broadband, bringing germane(predicate) content and relevant programming into the broadband household so as to let people search for the video and medicament they want to view and listen to. Provision of other a la carte and premium function, such(prenominal) as being a place f or people to store pictures, documents and e-mails they create or receive while theyre on the Web. It makes sense.What people want is all their assets available all the time, regardless of where they are. This is especially important for multichannel users, who will be a larger and larger portion of our customer base. Part of the day, people will command to access AOL from their laptops or at home on high-speed DSL or cable, or a ingenious phone or communication-enabled PDA. The organization should be re-energized. There should be a reaffirmed commitment, a new management team on the field. Positioning the brand and regaining trust are all smart things to do and it will serve as the litmus tests for the decisions to be made.Now, they must be able to make love emerging trends and stake out our role in them before they take hold among consumers. The overall success of this business long-term will be their ability to integrate best-in-class technology and programming and create cau se value for each of its targeted customer segments. As a technologist, could you ask for a better role? all(prenominal) decision matters. 5. 0 CONCLUSION The credo of the combined AOL Time Warner was synergy, the idea that the companies would be greater than the sum of their parts because each of the divisions would help market the others.But the dream never materialized. The fast-growing AOL online service was conjectural to be the juggernaut that would cause the whole company to grow at 30 percent a year. It turned out that AOL was unable to sustain its own growth rate, much less carry Time Warner. In the end, however, the true success of the AOL Time Warner merger will be won or lost, on the companys ability to leverage its promising collection of cable networks into something more than just a way to see the latest episode of miniseries.That will only be done by bringing AOLs online expertise into alignment with Time Warners stable of media properties, and adding a broad visio n of the contiguous chapter of the Internet. This means being the first to create an invisible high-speed grid to deliver interactive services and entertainment to consumers without muss or fuss anywhere, anytime, over any device. If AOL Time Warner can do that, the company may be able to create the most ironclad and lucrative relationship with the consumers of the future.

Compare and contrast how feelings of love or presented in “The Manhunt” and “Nettles”

The form in the manhunt is in couplets and they show the relationship amidst the husband and wife and represents their experience after the first phase, after passionate and intimate days Simon Armitage makes some(a) couplets hoar and some not, this could represent their love collectable to the fact sometimes shes ok with him but because hes frail she can set him of very easily and sometimes she feels he dosent love her because of the state hes in, he does this to help the reader understand her struggle for his love and how she isnt giving up on love excessively the it very widly s whole toned which represents how long she is willing to wait to recover his love and him, whereas in Nettles its very closely packed and it follows the A,B,A,B rhyme scheme, the poems about a fathers emotion and love towards his son when he gets injured my a bed of nettles my son aged three fell in the nettle bed.Love Poemcom/love-poem/ engraft/?secret=VEeIeF1XWJ data-secret=VEeIeF1XWJ width=500 heig ht=282 title=Love Poem &8212 Free Essays - PhDessay.com frameborder=0 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 scrolling=noBed seemed a curious name for those green spears, that regiment of spite buns the shed Veron Scannell makes the structure tightly packed and makes the poem follow this rhyme scheme to increase the pace of the poem, he does this because the poems about revenge and his efforts to destroy the nettles that hurt his son, it could also represent his heart beat due to the pace. In comparison in the poem The manhunt her love is shown through her efforts and patience for her husband to recover whereas in Nettles its show through the farther seeking revenge against the nettles that hurt his son so there is no similarities in there forms.The Language utilise in the manhunt is very interdict emotive language which allude to healing and damage the fractured rudder of his shoulder blade The emotive Language that Simon uses in this poem shows how that even though hes damaged and very unpredictable unexploded mine she is still willing to turn in and heal him, this shows how much she loves him and is willing to put up with to try and save there dying love, he uses military words to show her battle to try and save him due to him be physically and mentally messed up, the reason Simon uses military words is to show how difficult the struggle is but how willing she is to this for him which again shows her love more him.Similarly in nettles its uses damaging words and is about someone in this case the farther, difficult to recover the damage done to the one they love soothed him till his paint was not so raw, and consequently I took my hook and honed the blade this shows that the fathers first instinct is to seek revenge which shows how protective he is and also how much he loves his son, Veron uses military words through-out this poem which is very similar to manhunt Slashed in madness with it, Till not a nettle in that fierce parade again this shows his efforts a nd the battle he had fighting what hurt his soon. In both poems very similar emotive and military language is used to show both of their efforts for the ones they love.In the poem the manhunt its very depressing and sad and has a lot of negative language the hurt, of his grazed heart The fact that its in first person shows that Simon was trying to create kindness for her, it also helps show her love for him a lot more due to it being her saying it which makes us believe it a lot more, plus the slow pace of the poem also shows her patience for his love. In the poem Nettles the tone of the poem is very quick and shows passion from the farther to kill the nettles stood up practiced no more. I lit a funeral pyre to burn the fallen dead Vernon use an A,b,a,b rhyme scheme to help increase the pace of the peom to help show his aggression and to show how quick he does everything to try and kill the nettles which hurt his son, this shows how passionate and how much he loves his son and how he wants to protect him from acquiring hurt again in the future which also shows how caring he is. Both poems have a similar tones but are also very different in pace.

WASH ASSISTANT Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

sponge ASSISTANT - Personal Statement Exampletional Rescue Committee (IRC) based in Garowe in Somalia because I possess the potential, prerequisite acquaintance and experience required to make a difference. According to Godfrey (2005), the IRC responds to the worst humanitarian crisis in the world by helping people survive and rebuild their lives. The IRCs objectives and goals inspire me to play to alleviating the suffering of people afflicted by calamities, and in the process acquire more experience and knowledge with regard to disaster management. My training on several essential moisten courses with redr.uk on mock WASH cluster gives me an added advantage. This is borne out of the fact that during these training sessions I have to collaborate with other WASH actors in identifying and extending gaps in an emergency response.Given this opportunity to work with the IRC in Garowe in Somalia, I will be able to apply and test the viability of the proposed strategies to address the gaps in emergency response. My focus will be to address and enhance WASH protocols in a bid to improve disaster emergency responses by fill the gaps identified. This will include conducting household piddle and hygiene promotion and assessments to gauge the safety and appropriateness of easy water sources in use during and after disasters. This will be in an effort to mitigate the make of unsanitary water sources in calamities. To this effect, my experiences will enable me to easily identify WASH related factors needful to control and eliminate neglected tropical and respiratory diseases. This has also enabled me to formulate prevention strategies against water borne diseases and water related insect vector disease phenomena, which I can apply to improve the capacity of